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The ADDIE model is a versatile and practical framework that covers all the steps of the instructional design process. The word is an acronym to help you remember all you need to do for the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of a training program. During the development phase, the designers will develop and assemble the designed content assets (Morrison, Ross, & Kemp, 2007), while system analysts will collaborate and integrate different modes of technology. System testers will perform various procedures to identify errors and improve processes. The collected feedback can be used to review and revise the project according to requirements (Davis, 2013).
Step 3. Development
The design phase of ADDIE is where you will take all the information you accumulated above and start using it to define an approach to teaching the desired materials to learners. ADDIE design is a systematic method for putting various teaching tools in place to create an overall approach to individual lessons and subject matter as a whole. In the ADDIE model design phase, you will begin to define concrete components of the training plan you will develop. SAM stands for “successive approximations model,” and is like a “close cousin” instructional design approach to ADDIE. While similar to ADDIE, SAM is based on an agile development cycle with ongoing feedback and iterations of a content rather than the extended cycle found in ADDIE.
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Through systematic evaluation at each stage, the model enables the identification of strengths and weaknesses in learning materials. This ongoing assessment contributes to content refinement, ensuring the final product meets desired learning objectives and maintains high standards. Instructional designers use ADDIE to make their training provide the best answers to real needs, leading to well-planned, learner-centric outcomes. This model helps identify learning needs, design tailored solutions, and evaluate the effectiveness of the instructional program, ultimately enhancing the overall quality of education and training initiatives. A good instructional design uses the individual facets of each organization to define its unique training program, which is why it is so effective. It is important that designers be systematic when transmitting designs to actual content, graphics and materials.
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These sessions aim to motivate learners to complete the e-learning while also providing them with assignments and challenges to solve. These are always related to organizational issues and change over time based on current needs. Rapid instructional design is a more agile approach to instructional design. It’s based on rapid development techniques, which originate from software development, and are applied to instructional design.
The five phases of the ADDIE framework
It is not uncommon to have multiple iterations within a specific phase. For example, if the outline does not fit user needs, you will have to iterate the outline (maybe several times) before moving to the design prototype. Use a template to streamline task allocation and monitor progress across the ADDIE phases. Taking this structured approach allows you to systematically address all aspects of the instructional design process, meet due dates, and identify and resolve any potential issues. Now it’s time to share your course or training with your learners.
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This instructional design methodology helps to deliver more effective training and instruction, with each phase directly setting up the next. However, while the waterfall approach worked well for designing specific job tasks, the ADDIE framework was a little too static to apply for all situations. The biggest drawback of going through the ADDIE model process is its speed, or rather, the lack of it.
What Do Course Designers Need to Know About the ADDIE Model? ( #284
With so many components involved in the design of a successful course, designers needed a way to effectively build and measure how to do so consistently. Over the years, it has morphed from a linear approach to a more circular approach, as instructional designers have begun creating iterations of their courses. And it functions well whether your course is going to be offered online or in a physical classroom. SAM attempts to counter one of the main drawbacks of the ADDIE model, the time-consuming nature of getting the program created and implemented.
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These can include training evaluation forms and pre-and post-training assessments, potentially with a control group. Commonly used instruments are questionnaires, interviews, observations, knowledge assessments, work assessments, 360-degree feedback, and work output data. Conduct pilots and product reviews where different people (including you) test the learning product and training materials. You may want to use web-based tools like Survey Monkey or Qualtrics for users to evaluate the training. In this phase, you also select an appropriate evaluation method will be from a learning design standpoint. Based on Kirkpatrick’s model, effectiveness can be measured on different levels.
Developers should consistently analyze, redesign and enhance the product to ensure effective product delivery. Proper evaluation of the product, course or program, with necessary and timely revisions, is done in this phase. When instructors and learners actively contribute during the implementation process, instantaneous modifications can be made to the project, thus making the program more effective and successful. This stage determines all goals, tools to be used to gauge performance, various tests, subject matter analysis, planning and resources. In the design phase, the focus is on learning objectives, content, subject matter analysis, exercise, lesson planning, assessment instruments used and media selection. As a linear system, ADDIE’s five steps are less flexible than other models, such as the Successive Approximation Model (SAM) or the Align, Get set, Iterate & Implement, Leverage, Evaluate (AGILE) model.
When looking at the process, you must avoid the thought that it is structured in chronological order. Rather, the ADDIE Model is a continuous circle with overlapping boundaries. Of all of the process phases, the evaluation phase is the lest understood. The acronym “ADDIE” stands for Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate. It is an Instructional Design model that has withstood the test of time and use.
In this phase, you will also create a prototype for the training program. This will make it easier to evaluate it and see if it meets all the needs you established for your learners in the analysis phase. If anything is lacking, fix it before moving on to actually developing the materials. While listed as the fifth and final step of the ADDIE training model, the evaluation will run iteratively as long as your course is live.
Crucially, it’s important to remember that learners will never go through your materials exactly the way you imagine they will. Try “breaking” the course by following links in unexpected ways or trying to do things “wrong” (e.g. submitting assignments late, or twice). After determining how the course will be delivered, the next part of design is to determine the order that course content will be delivered. This is a great time to put together a small focus group and gather feedback about the design. One example of course order delivery would be that content topics build on each other from more introductory and high-level topics to more advanced or niche topics.
Once you’ve settled on the design, consult with the stakeholders for feedback. When you’ve incorporated the feedback and received a final sign-off from the stakeholders, you’ll move on to develop your instructional design. Florida State University developed ADDIE’s five-step process in the 1970s for the U.S. Armed Forces before eventually becoming popularized for use in education and corporate training. Though not initially called ADDIE, the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate phases eventually popularized the acronym. Depending on the choices made in the analysis phase, you can use different methods for training evaluation.
Selection of appropriate data collection methods, considering feasibility and resources, completes the phase, providing valuable insights for informed decision-making and ongoing refinement of training initiatives. Effective communication is key during this phase to ensure a smooth rollout of the instructional program. For instance, if one of your instructional objectives was to teach the use of a specific program, you can now use specific assessments to see whether that was effectively taught. If so, and your objectives were met, then your training materials in this instance were successful. If learners were unable to meet the objectives, you have a wealth of information to use in determining why that was, including instructors, your own notes and the assessments themselves.
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